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The Meningococcal bacteria may be present in the body with no effect,
or can cause serious illness. Meningococcal disease may manifest
as meningitis or as septicemia. Meningitis (sometimes called spinal
meningitis) is an inflammation of the meninges -the membranes covering
the brain and spinal cord. It may be caused by any of several bacteria,
viruses, or other microscopic organisms. The meningococcal bacteria
causes a very serious form of meningitis. Meningococcal septicemia
is a bacterial infection in the blood stream. This form of the disease
can sometimes occur suddenly and be rapidly fatal. Both forms of
the disease may rarely result in complications such as gangrene,
loss of limb, brain damage and death.
The risk of meningococcal disease is 3 per 100,000 in college students,
with freshman students living in dormitories having a slightly higher
risk.
Spread
The bacteria enter the body through the nose and mouth and are
spread from person to person by close contact or by sneezing and
coughing (air borne). Usually, these bacteria stay in the nose and
throat for a few days and then disappear with no ill effects. Some
people may continue to have the organism for a longer time in their
noses and throats without becoming ill - they are healthy carriers.
Why some people get meningitis is not known. The disease occurs
more often in the winter and spring than in other seasons When people
live close together there is easy opportunity for the bacteria to
spread from one person to another. If one person becomes sick, or
if there is a healthy carrier in the group, other people may get
the bacteria in their noses and throats and some may become ill,
usually within two to ten days after exposure.
Symptoms
Symptoms occur within 2-10 days (usually 3-4 days) after the person
has been exposed to the meningococcal bacteria. Meningitis usually
begins with flu-like symptoms, which begin suddenly, and progress
to high fever, nausea and vomiting, severe headache, and stiffness
and pains in the neck, shoulders, and back. Often a skin rash of
tiny bright red spots appears.
IF YOU HAVE THESE SYMPTOMS GET MEDICAL CARE IMMEDIATELY BECAUSE
PROMPT TREATMENT IS VERY IMPORTANT
Prevention
Meningitis can be spread by any close contact with a sick person.
Close contact means using the same eating utensils or drinking from
the same bottle or glass, sharing cigarettes, and kissing.
Vaccination is the best way to protect against some forms of meningococcal
meningitis. The vaccine for meningococcal meningitis is an injectable,
inactivated-bacteria vaccine. It protects against 4 types of the
disease (known as A, C, Y, and W-135) It is about 85-90% effective
against these types.
Treatment
If you have had close contact with the person with meningitis,
see a practitioner at the Health Center or your personal physician
for preventive treatment immediately. Roommates, boyfriends, and
girlfriends who have had close physical contact with the sick person
should receive preventive treatment. You do not need treatment if
you have had only casual contact such as a classmate or working
in the same department or building. Preventive treatment is with
antibiotics, prescribed by a physician.
If you or your family have any questions, you may contact the University
Health Center at (860) 685-2470
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