The
Origin of the A.M.E. Zion Church
The
African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church began in New York City in 1796.
Just as, several decades earlier, John Wesley founded the Methodist
Church in England in an attempt to remake the Church of England from within, the
A.M.E. Zion Church grew out of a spirit of reform.
Despite Wesley’s deep opposition to slavery and his championing of poor
and mistreated people, both white and black, not all of his followers remained
true to his ideals. Although black
people had been accepted as worshippers in the Methodist tradition since it was
first brought to America by Wesley and his brother Charles in the 1730s, black
Methodists were often poorly treated by their white brethren.
The church, by then known as the Methodist Episcopal Church, granted
preaching licenses to a few black men, but they were rarely allowed to preach,
even to other black members of the church. Preaching
to white Methodists was out of the question.
These black preachers were not allowed to join the Methodist Conference,
the church’s decision-making body. In
many Methodist churches, black worshippers were segregated from white members
and were forced to sit in the church gallery rather than in the main area of
worship. Burial rights for black
Methodists were also at issue.
In
the late 18th century, two distinct groups of black Methodists, one
in Philadelphia, and one in New York City, formed their own churches.
Both groups initially took the name African Methodist Episcopal Church.
The African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church had its origin in New York,
under the leadership of James Varick, Abraham Thompson, June Scott, William
Miller, and several other black men who worshipped at the John Street Church.
Most of the leaders of this first A.M.E. Zion church were free men, but
slavery was still legal in New York, and many church members were slaves.
James Varick.
Photoreproduction of portrait.
By
1801, the group was incorporated as the African Methodist Episcopal Church in
New York. For the next two decades,
they remained affiliated with the white-dominated Methodist Episcopal Church.
In 1820, however, the A.M.E. Zion leaders voted to leave the Methodist
Episcopal Church, and they published their first discipline, or rules and
regulations for church practice. In
1848, “Zion” was added to the name of the New York A.M.E. church to honor
the name of their first church, as well as to distinguish this group from the
Philadelphians, whose first church was known as “Bethel.”
From
its earliest beginnings, the A.M.E. Zion Church has been known for its spirit of
reform and activism. In the 19th
century, the church was in the forefront of the antislavery movement.
Several of the best-known black abolitionists, including Frederick
Douglass, Harriet Tubman, and Sojourner Truth, joined the A.M.E. Zion Church.
Frederick Douglass. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave. Boston: Published at the Anti-Slavery Office, 1845. Special Collections & Archives, Wesleyan University.
W.J. Walls. Harriet Tubman. [Salisbury, NC?: A.M.E. Zion Publishing?, n.d.]. Loaned by Rev. Moses Harvill.
Olive Gilbert. Narrative of Sojourner Truth, a Bondswoman of Olden Time … Boston: For the Author, 1875. Special Collections & Archives, Wesleyan University.
