Recommended:
Ian Kershaw, Hitler
Ian Kershaw, Hitler, Nemesis, 1936-1945
R.J.B. Bosworth, Mussolini

For several of the class sessions indicated below, alternative choices are suggested. If you wish, you may substitute choices of your own for any of these required readings as long as they directly address the subjects at hand. You are urged to browse through the stacks in Olin Library and begin to acquire a working bibliography. Although there is no textbook recommended for the course, you may wish to choose one from Olin Library. Among the reasonably solid texts are:
H. Stuart Hughes, Contemporary Europe: A History
Robert Paxton, Europe in the 20th Century
Mark Mazower, Dark Continent: Europe's Twentieth Century

Two course papers are required: the first, is due on Monday, July 19, at the beginning of class; the second is due no later than Monday, August 9.  Paper topics will be distributed prior to the due date, the first to be handed out on July 12, the second on July 28.  Papers must be no more than five or six printed, double-spaced pages, exclusive of footnotes or endnotes.  References should be carefully indicated in such notes.There will be no examinations in this course.  Participation in class discussions is expected, and will be taken into account in determining in assessing your work in the course.

James Joll, The Origins of the First World War

Sheila Fitzpatrick, The Russian Revolution, chapters 1-4

Sheila Fitzpatrick, The Russian Revolution, chapters 5 and 6

Benito Mussolini, "The Political and Social Doctrine of Fascism," [to be distributed]

Robert Paxton, The Anatomy of Fascism, chapters 1 and 2, pages 58-64, sections of following chapters concerned with Mussolini and Italian Fascism, and chapter 8 OR
R.J.B. Bosworth, Mussolini, chapters 5-11, chapters 1-4 recommended

Robert Paxton, The Anatomy of Fascism, sections in chapters 3 and 4

Ian Kershaw, Hitler, chapters 1 and 2

Excerpts from the film Triumph of Will, to be shown in class

***PAPER DUE***

Robert Paxton, The Anatomy of Fascism, chapters 5 and 6 OR
Ian Kershaw, Hitler, chapters 3-6 OR
Ian Kershaw, Hitler, 1936-1945: Nemesis, "1936: Hitler Triumphant," and chapters 1 and 3

Eugen Weber, The Hollow Years, chapters 1, 2, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10 OR
Nathanael Greene, From Versailles to Vichy: The Third French Republic, 1919-1940, [Olin Libary] OR
Marc Bloch, The Strange Defeat [Olin Library]

Robert Paxton, The Anatomy of Fascism, sections concerned with Spain, and, to be arranged in the afternoon of this day, the film To Die in Madrid, and at Olin Library, select and browse through one or more works on the Civil War. You may choose from an array of exceptional memoirs from observers or participants, such as George Orwell, Homage to Catalonia, or popular or academic studies, such as Paul Preston's accounts and biography of General Franco. Below is a suggested bibliography for your reference.

A.J.P. Taylor, The Origins of the Second World War OR
Ian Kershaw, Hitler, 1936-1945: Nemesis, chapters 2, 4, and 5 OR
R.J.B. Bosworth, Mussolini, chapters 14 and 15

Robert Paxton, The Anatomy of Fascism, chapters 6

Ian Kershaw, Hitler, 1936-1945: Nemesis, chapters12-17 OR
R.J.B. Bosworth, Mussolini, chapters 16 and 17

Jacques Chirac, excerpts from speech in 1995, and Philippe Petian, excerpts from trial, 1945 [to be distributed] and Andre Malraux, "When the French Lived in Darkness" [to be distributed]

E-mail paper to ngreene@wesleyan.edu

Charles Esdaile, Spain in the Liberal Age: From Constitution to Civil War, 1808-1939
Gerald Brenan, The Spanish Labyrinth
Alun Kenwood, The Spanish Civil War: A Cultural and Historical Reader
Paul Preston, The Coming of the Spanish Civil War
Stanley Payne, Fascism in Spain, 1923-1977
Sheelagh Ellwood, Franco
William J. Callahan, The Catholic Church in Spain, 1875-1998

Arturo Barea, The Forging of a Rebel, Part III, “The Clash”
Dolores Ibarruri, They Shall Not Pass
Harry Fisher, Comrades
Franz Borkenau, The Spanish Cockpit
William Foss and Cecil Gerahty, The Spanish Arena
Alvah Bessie, Men in Battle
Ralph Bates, Of Legendary Time
Peter Stansky, Journey to the Frontier
André Malraux, Man’s Hope
Ernest Hemingway, For Whom the Bell Tolls
Claude Bowers, My Mission to Spain [United States Ambassador]
Elliot Paul, The Life and Death of a Spanish Town
Constancia de la Mora, In Place of Splendour
Herbert Matthews, Two Wars and More to Come
Valentine Cunningham, Spanish Front: Writers on the Civil War
Ruiz Vilaplana, Burgos Justice: A Year’s Experience in Nationalist Spain
Murray Sperber, And I Remember Spain: A Spanish Civil War Anthology
Anna Louise Strong, Spain in Arms
Arnold Lunn, Spanish Rehearsal
S. Mangini, Memories of Resistance: Women’s Voices from the Spanish Civil War
Paul Preston, Doves of War: Four Women of Spain

Frank Jellinek, The Civil War in Spain
Hugh Thomas, The Spanish Civil War
Gabriel Jackson, The Republic and Civil War in Spain
Stanley Payne, The Spanish Revolution
Stanley Payne, Spain’s First Democracy
Pierre Broué and Emile Témime, The Revolution and Civil War in Spain
Patricia van der Esch, Prelude to War
Paul Preston, The Spanish Civil War
Dante Puzzo, Spain and the Great Powers, 1936-1941
Raymond Carr, The Spanish Tragedy: The Civil War in Perspective
Paul Preston, ed., Revolution and War in Spain, 1931-1939
Ronald Fraser, Blood of Spain: An Oral History of the Spanish Civil War
George R. Esenwein, The Spanish Civil War in Context, 1931-1939
Sheelagh Ellwood, The Spanish Civil War
José Sanchez, The Spanish Civil War as a Religious Tragedy
Peter Wyden, The Passionate War: A Narrative History
Harry Browne, Spain’s Civil War
Richard Robinson, The Origins of Franco’s Spain, 1931-1936
Wayne H. Bowen, Spaniards and Nazi Germany
Burnett Balloten, The Spanish Civil War
Raymond Carr, The Civil War in Spain
Helen Graham, The Spanish Republic at War, 1936-1939
Michael Seidman, Republic of Egos: A Social History of the Spanish Civil War

George Hills, Franco: The Man and His Nation
Paul Preston, Franco
J. W. D. Trythall, Franco
Juan Fusi, Franco: A Biography
Herbert R. Southworth, The Myth of the Franco Crusade
Spain, Ministerio Fiscal, The General Cause: The Red Domination of Spain
Luis Bolin, Spain: The Vital Years
Robert Brasillach, Histoire de la guerre d’Espagne
Gregorio Marañón, The Liberal in the Looking Glass
Herbert R. Southworth, Conspiracy and the Spanish Civil War: The Brainwashing of Francisco Franco

Helen Graham, Socialism and War
Helen Graham and Martin Alexander, eds., The French and Spanish Popular Fronts
Paul Heywood, Marxism and the Failure of Organized Socialism in Spain
E. H. Carr, The Comintern and the Spanish Civil War
David Cattell, Communism and the Spanish Civil War
Burnett Bolloten, The Grand Camouflage: The Spanish Civil War and Revolution, 1936-1939
José Peirats, Anarchists in the Spanish Civil War
Robert Alexander, The Anarchists in the Spanish Civil War
Robert Kern, Red Years, Black Years: Spanish Anarchism, 1911-1937
Sam Dolgoff, The Anarchist Collectives
Martha Ackelsberg, Free Women of Spain
Michael Seidman, Workers Against Work
Stanley Payne, The Spanish Civil War, the Soviet Union, and Communism