PIRA

Demonstration Bibliography
MECHANICS
Motion in One Dimension
DCS #DEMONSTRATIONREFERENCEABSTRACT
1C10.00Velocity
1C10.10bulldozer on moving sheet/2DPIRA 200A bulldozer runs at constant speed on a moving paper to show how velocities add and subtract.
1C10.10bulldozer on moving sheet1C10.10The bulldozer on a moving sheet moves in the same or opposite direction as the moving sheet, not at a angle, to show addition and subtraction of velocities.
1C10.10bulldozer on moving sheetDisc 01-09Identical bulldozers run at constant speed, one on a moving paper, to show how velocities add and subtract.
1C10.20PASCO dynamics cartPIRA 1000
1C10.20PASCO dynamics cart1C10.20
1C10.21measuring constant velocityM-2aTime a toy truck with a stop clock as it is pulled across the table at constant velocity in front of a meter stick.
1C10.22photographing uniform motion7-1.1Take an open shutter photo of a toy tractor moving a blinky.
1C10.25air track and gliderPIRA 500
1C10.25air track and glider1C10.25
1C10.25constant velocity (airtrack)Disc 01-08Dots are superimposed on the screen every half second to mark the position of the air glider.
1C10.26velocity -air track and glider11-1.4Measuring air track cart velocity: stopwatch and meter stick, spark recorder, photo interrupt.
1C10.27velocity -air track and gliderPIRA 1000
1C10.27velocity -air track and glider1C10.27Level air track with the Pasco photogate timer system. Use one or two timers.
1C10.30approaching instantaneous velocityPIRA 1000
1C10.30approaching instantaneous velocity1C10.30An air cart is given a reproducible velocity by a solenoid kicker. Flags of decreasing length interrupt a photo timer.
1C10.30approaching instantaneous velocity7-1.16A ball breaks two foils to start and stop a timer. Change spacing of gates to approach instantaneous velocity.
1C10.32strobed discMb-10Look at a fluorescent spot on a 1725 RPM disc with a stroboscope at multiples of the frequency to demonstrate the limiting process.
1C10.33speed at a point7-2.1Take a picture of a light bulb pendulum with a strobed camera.
1C10.51terminal velocityTPT 16(3),160A mechanical device rolls down an incline with a terminal velocity.
1C10.55terminal velocity tubeTPT 1(2),82A marble rolling down a tube of water at a slight incline reaches terminal velocity allowing slow constant velocity to be measured.
1C10.60muzzle velocityPIRA 1000
1C10.60muzzle velocity - foilAJP 44(7),711Graphite rods are broken to switch an oscillator in and out of a counter circuit.
1C10.60muzzle velocity - foilAJP 45(9),882Use the circuit in AJP 44(9),85 with the breaking foil method of measuring muzzle velocity.
1C10.60muzzle velocity - foilAJP 45(9),882Using the apparatus by Blackburn and Koenig, AJP 44,855(1976), to measure the muzzle velocity of a rifle.
1C10.60muzzle velocity - foilTPT 20(3),184The bullet passes through two aluminum foil strips. The signal is shown on an oscilloscope.
1C10.60muzzle velocity - foilMb-21Bullet breaks two metal foils triggering a timer.
1C10.60muzzle velocity - foil7-1.2Aluminum foil triggers 1 m apart start and stop an electronic timer. Construction details.
1C10.61muzzle velocity - photogate timerAJP 55(9),856Measure the speed of a bullet with eight crisscrossing LED beams with the detectors connected to an eight input OR gate.
1C10.61muzzle velocity - photogate7-1.19Details of a photoelectric triggering circuit good to a few microseconds.
1C10.62time of flightAJP 47(5),426An inexpensive circuit useful in time-of-flight velocity measurements for bullet velocity with the ballistic pendulum demonstration of momentum conservation. Mechanical construction considerations are outlined.
1C10.62time of flightAJP 51(7),602An apparatus measures the time of flight of the projectile fired from the Blackwood pendulum apparatus by timing signals from two microphones. Circuits are included.
1C10.63RC bullet timerE-264A capacitor is discharged to a ballistic galvanometer during the time the bullet passes between two gates. Diagrams and theory.
1C10.65muzzle velocity - discPIRA 1000
1C10.65muzzle velocity - diskMb-22An air gun is fired through two rotating cardboard discs separated by some distance.
1C10.65muzzle velocity - disk7-1.3Shooting a bullet through two rotation discs.
1C10.65muzzle velocity - diskM-70Fire a bullet through two discs rotating on the same shaft.
1C10.66muzzle velocity - strobe photoAJP 31(7),548Sets of contacts two meters apart trigger a strobe which illuminates a spinning wheel marked with a radial line. Measure the angle on the photograph.
1C10.71low velocityM-71Project the minute hand of a clock.
1C10.72velocity tableM-72A table of velocities ranging from continental drift to the speed of light.

ReferenceDescription
M-1Sutton
Ma-1Freier & Anderson
M-1dHilton
8-2.8Meiners
1A12.01University of Minnesota Handbook
AJP 52(1),85American Journal of Physics
TPT 15(5),300The Physics Teacher
Disc 01-01The Video Encyclopedia of Physics Demonstrations

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