PIRA

Demonstration Bibliography
MECHANICS
Motion in Two Dimension
DCS #DEMONSTRATIONREFERENCEABSTRACT
1D60.00Projectile Motion
1D60.05ball to throwPIRA 1000
1D60.05ball to throw1D60.05Provide a large nerf ball, tennis ball, soft ball, or whatever ball is requested.
1D60.10howitzer and tunnelPIRA 200A ball fired vertically from cart moving horizontally falls back into the muzzle.
1D60.10howitzer and tunnel1D60.10A spring loaded gun on a cart shoots a ball vertically and after the cart passes through a tunnel the ball lands in the barrel.
1D60.10howitzer and tunnel on air trackAJP 41(4),580A launching system for use with an air track cart.
1D60.10howitzer and tunnelTPT 12(3),177A description of a ball launcher mounted on an air track cart. It can fire a small projectile (1/2" dia.) 10-15 ft.
1D60.10howitzer and tunnelMb-24A car on a track shoots a ball up before it rolls under a tunnel.
1D60.10howitzer and tunnel10-2.2A gun mounted on an air puck shoots a ball vertically.
1D60.10howitzer and tunnel7-2.16As cart moves at constant velocity a cannon fires a billiard ball vertically. Details in Appendix, p. 545.
1D60.10howitzer and tunnel7-2.15Instructor sits on a wheeled cart with a catapult to project a ball upward.
1D60.10howitzer and tunnelM-99A ball fired vertically from cart moving horizontally falls back into the muzzle.
1D60.10howitzer and tunnelM-6bA steel ball projected upward from a moving car returns into the barrel.
1D60.10vertical gun on carDisc 02-03A ball is shot up from a moving cart and falls back into the barrel.
1D60.15howitzer and tunnel on inclinePIRA 1000
1D60.15howitzer and tunnel on incline1D60.15
1D60.15howitzer and tunnel on inclineAJP 42(4),326Perform the howitzer and tunnel on an incline with the car starting at rest.
1D60.15howitzer and tunnel inclinedAJP 43(8),732Short note on inclined ballistic cart systems.
1D60.15howitzer and tunnel on inclineAJP 44(8),783Some strobe pictures and drawings show the ball is always above the cart relative to the incline, but not always above the cart relative to the horizontal.
1D60.16vertical gun on accelerated carPIRA 1000
1D60.16vertical gun on accelerated carDisc 02-04Two cases: vertical gun on a car on an incline, and on a car accelerated by a mass on a string.
1D60.20simultaneous fallPIRA 200Two balls simultaneously dropped and projected horizontally hit the floor together.
1D60.20simultaneous fall1D60.20Device to drop one billiard ball and shoot another out.
1D60.20simultaneous fallMb-14A spring loaded device drops one ball and projects the other horizontally.
1D60.20simultaneous fallM-91Two apparatuses are described for dropping one ball and projecting another.
1D60.20simultaneous fallM-13bOne ball is projected horizontally as another is dropped.
1D60.20shooter/dropperDisc 02-01Drop one ball and simultaneously project another horizontally.
1D60.21simulteanous fallTPT 15(8),485Instructor rolls a superball off the hand while walking at a constant velocity.
1D60.22simultaneous fallAJP 31(3),215Roll a steel ball down an incline where it hits another, momentum exchange knocks the one out, and the other drops through a slot.
1D60.30monkey and hunterPIRA 200A gun shoots at a target, released when the gun is fired. The ball hits the target in midair.
1D60.30monkey and hunter1D60.30Light beam aiming, air pressure propelled, microswitch to electromagnet release version of monkey and hunter.
1D60.30monkey and hunterAJP 36(4),367Use a large bore air gun and wood "shell" projectile which is caught in a net.
1D60.30monkey and hunterMb-16A compressed air gun shoots at a tin can.
1D60.30monkey and hunterM-13aShoot the tin can monkey with a blowgun and an electromagnet release.
1D60.30monkey gunDisc 02-02The apparatus consists of a blow gun with dowel projectile and electromagnetic release.
1D60.31monkey and hunter on inclineTPT 15(7),368A simple and effective version using rolling balls on an inclined table.
1D60.32monkey and hunterAJP 43(6),561Modifying the Cenco No. 75412 blowgun for bore sighting with a laser.
1D60.32monkey and hunterAJP 43(6),562A needle valve, reservoir, pressure gauge, and solenoid valve permits varying the muzzle velocity.
1D60.32monkey and hunterTPT 13(5),308Using the simultaneous fall device to shoot the monkey.
1D60.32monkey and hunterTPT 20(4),260Shoot the monkey using a rubber band propelled pencil.
1D60.32monkey and hunterTPT 10(4),216Using a 0.5 L India rubber bulb as a substitute for lungs.
1D60.32monkey and hunter string resease7-2.11A simple string release dart gun monkey and hunter.
1D60.32monkey and hunterM-92A bore sighted blowgun with electromagnetic release.
1D60.33monkey and hunterAJP 31(3),212Shoot a Christmas tree bulb weighted with a little water.
1D60.33monkey and hunterTPT 10(5),263Cut out a pop can and cover the hole with paper.
1D60.34monkey and hunterAJP 38(9),1160A magnetic switch and solenoid release.
1D60.34monkey and hunterAJP 50(5),470A simple switch using infrared optics and a single IC and transistor to release the magnet.
1D60.34monkey and hunterTPT 19(8),563Bore sighting is used to aim the gun, an optoelectronic device is used to trigger the release. Circuit details are available from the author.
1D60.34monkey and hunterTPT 9(5),282A photo resistor is used as a switch.
1D60.34monkey and hunterTPT 2(7),336Use the PSSC cart spring to launch the projectile. Also a simple magnet switch.
1D60.34monkey and hunterTPT 5(6),272Plotting projectile motion using the OH projector, strobe photography, and an optoelectronic circuit for triggering the monkey drop.
1D60.35monkey and hunterAJP 53(10),937Viewed from the free monkey frame, the bullet moves uniformly. Placing the hunter below the monkey can mislead students.
1D60.35monkey and hunterTPT 2(5),277Tutorial
1D60.36monkey and hunterAJP 43(6),562Investigates the effect of the method of air entry and switch friction on the accuracy of the shot.
1D60.38monkey and hunterTPT 13(5),298Sound activated electronic flash produces photographic record of the distance the target falls.
1D60.40range of a gunPIRA 500
1D60.40range of a gun1D60.40An air powered cannon (5 psi) shoots a 5 cm dia x 10 cm projectile to better than 1% accuracy.
1D60.40range of a gunTPT 14(3),168Using the Blackwood ballistic pendulum gun, students are asked to calculate the angle necessary for them to be hit.
1D60.40range of a gunM-95Shoot at 45, then calculate 30 or 60 and place the target.
1D60.40range gunDisc 02-06Fire a spring loaded gun at various angles.
1D60.42range of a gun7-2.18Impact point of a slingshot projectile is predicted from the drawing force and drawing distance.
1D60.43range of a gunTPT 15(7),432Use the tennis ball serving machine to find muzzle velocity, range, etc.
1D60.44range of a gunTPT 14(4),245A softball is modified to be fired by the Cenco ballistic pendulum gun (No.75425). Calculate muzzle velocity and examine the range at various angles.
1D60.45range of a gunTPT 11(6),362Using a toy dart gun and a ball bearing weighted dart, the author gives a concise description for obtaining muzzle velocity used to predict the range at various angles.
1D60.46range of a gun - gunAJP 29(2),xA toy spring-loaded gun is surprisingly precise.
1D60.46simple spring gunAJP 31(2),89A spring gun shoots a 3/4" steel ball 12 m/sec with 2% accuracy.
1D60.46range of a gun - gunTPT 22(3),185On using the Blackwood Pendulum gun as a device for finding the range of a projectile
1D60.46projectile launcherTPT 28(7),477Making a string and sticky tape launcher out of bamboo.
1D60.46range of a gun - gun7-2.19A golf ball fired from a spring powered gun. Construction details in appendix, p. 548.
1D60.46range of a gun - gun7-2.20A spring gun for a 3/4" steel ball. Construction details.
1D60.47range of a projected ballAJP 30(12),851Apparatus Drawings Project No. 32: Plans for a inclined tube for launching a ball.
1D60.50parabolic path through ringsPIRA 1000
1D60.50parabolic path through rings1D60.50Same as TPT 22(6),402 except the ball is shot with a spring loaded gun.
1D60.50parabolic trajectoryTPT 22(6),402Four launching ramps are mounted to a large magnetic surfaced coordinate system. Magnet based metal hoops can be repositioned easily so the ball passes through all the hoops. Looks very nice.
1D60.50parabolic path through ringsTPT 2(7),336A ball launched off a ramp will pass through a set of rings.
1D60.50parabolic trajectory7-2.13Parabolic Lucite templates coincide with path of steel balls projected horizontally.
1D60.50parabolic trajectory7-2.7Throw a piece of chalk so it follows a parabolic path drawn on the board.
1D60.55parabolic trajectory on inclinePIRA 1000
1D60.55projectile range on a inclined planeAJP 52(4),299An old, simple, elegant (no calculus) solution.
1D60.55parabolic trajectories on the OHTPT 2(6),278Ink dipped balls are rolled down an incline onto a tilted stage on an overhead projector.
1D60.55parabolic trajectory on inclineMb-20A tennis ball covered with chalk dust is rolled across a tilted blackboard.
1D60.55parabloic trajectory on incline7-2.8Inked balls are rolled on a transparent tray on the OH proj. Also Compton effect and Rutherford scattering.
1D60.55parabolic trajectory on inclineM-96Fire a ball up an incline and trace the trajectory as it rolls on carbon paper.
1D60.55air table parabolasDisc 02-05Pucks are projected across a tilted air track.
1D60.56parabolic trajectoryAJP 28(9),805A ball launched off a ramp strikes a vertical carbon paper moved repeatedly away and laterally by equal amounts. Unexpectedly, not dependent on g.
1D60.56parabolic trajectory7-2.14Inexpensive apparatus for plotting parabolic trajectory by repeatedly hitting a carbon paper.
1D60.58parabolic trajectoryTPT 16(1),33A strobe picture is taken of the projectile motion of a golf ball. A method of analysis suited for a HS class is presented.
1D60.58photographing parabolic trajectoriesM-4aPhotograph a bouncing ping pong ball through a motorized slotted disc.
1D60.59falling body simulatorAJP 43(11),936An analog computer simulator for falling bodies projected horizontally.
1D60.59parabolic trajectory7-2.17Use an analog computer to calculate trajectories.
1D60.60parabolic trajectoryPIRA 1000
1D60.60parabolic trajectory1D60.60A pivoted bar with several pendula of length proportional to the square of the distance point from the pivot.
1D60.60parabolic trajectoryAJP 47(12),1097Uses the balls hanging from a stick device at the blackboard.
1D60.60parabolic trajectoryMb-17A pivoted bar has pendula of length proportional to the square of the distance from the pivot point.
1D60.60parabolic trajectoryM-90A stream of water matches the position of balls of lengths 1,4,9,16,... at all angles of elevation.
1D60.61parabolic trajectory - water streamAJP 31(1),42Apparatus Drawings Project No.33: The adjustable water nozzle has an arm extending in the direction of the nozzle with hanging arrows at intervals along the arm. Adjust the water pressure so the stream matches the arrow heads.
1D60.65water stream trajectoryPIRA 1000
1D60.65water trough trajectory1D60.65Hook a nozzle to the house water through an additional regulator to reduce pressure fluctuations. Shoot at varying angles into a water trough.
1D60.65parabolic trajectoryMb-19A hose aimed with a protractor demonstrates range.
1D60.65spitting trajectoryMb-23A pulsar spits out regularly spaced water drops which are viewed with a strobe. A horizontal mirror shows uniform velocity and a vertical mirror shows acceleration.
1D60.65parabloic trajectory7-2.9Project light down a horizontally discharged water stream to make the path visible.
1D60.65spitting trajectoryM-255Use a tuning fork to break a stream of water directed at 45 degrees into regularly spaced drops.
1D60.65spitting trajectoryM-13dA horizontally projected water jet illuminated with a strobe.
1D60.68water drop streamAJP 42(8),706Design for a water drop generator based on a speaker driven diaphragm.
1D60.68water drop stream7-2.10A vibrator is used to break a horizontally projected stream of water into uniform drops.
1D60.70dropping the bomb7-2.12A mechanism to drop a bomb in slow motion from a model airplane.
1D60.71jugglingMb-15Juggling higher trajectories requires slower hand motion.
1D60.90projectiles with analog computerAJP 49(5),483A simple analog computer is used to generate voltages representing the various parameters which are displayed on an oscilloscope.
1D65.15howitzer and tunnel on incline1D65.15Prop up one end of the howitzer and tunnel track and start the cart from either end.

ReferenceDescription
M-1Sutton
Ma-1Freier & Anderson
M-1dHilton
8-2.8Meiners
1A12.01University of Minnesota Handbook
AJP 52(1),85American Journal of Physics
TPT 15(5),300The Physics Teacher
Disc 01-01The Video Encyclopedia of Physics Demonstrations

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