PIRA 2A10.00 Force of Surface Tension

DCS #DEMONSTRATIONREFERENCEABSTRACT
2A10.00Force of Surface Tension
2A10.10sliding wirePIRA 500
2A10.10sliding wire2A10.10A soap film provides the force to slide a light wire on a frame.
2A10.10force on a filmFi-7A soap film pulls a wire up a frame.
2A10.10sliding wireM-233A soap film pulls a sliding wire up a U shaped frame.
2A10.10soap film pullupDisc 13-21A soap film pulls a sliding wire up a "U" shaped frame.
2A10.11sliding wire16-5.1A sliding wire frame film with a spring on one end and a string pull on the other shows that tension does not increase with length.
2A10.12sliding wire, etc.M-21aThe sliding wire, wire cubes, and other soap film stuff is pictured.
2A10.15submerged floatPIRA 1000
2A10.15submerged float2A10.15When submerged, a wire hoop keeps a float beneath the surface of water due to surface tension.
2A10.15submerged floatFi-1Surface tension holds a brass ring on a float beneath the water.
2A10.15submerged floatM-213A cork and lead device floats with a wire ring above the surface. Push the ring below the surface and it remains until soap is added to reduce the surface tension.
2A10.20floating metalsPIRA 200Float needles, paperclips, rings of wire, etc. on water.
2A10.20floating metalsM-213Float needles, paper clips, rings of wire, etc. on water.
2A10.21floating metal sheetPIRA 1000
2A10.21floating aluminum sheet16-5.5A sheet of aluminum will float on the surface of clean water.
2A10.21floating metal sheetDisc 13-20Float a sheet of metal on the surface of distilled water and add weights until the metal sinks.
2A10.25leaky boatsPIRA 1000
2A10.25leaky boats2A10.25Try to float several large (one foot long) flat bottomed boats made of different screen material or aluminum with different size holes.
2A10.25leaky boatsFi-16A screen boat, razor blade, or small metal boat with a large hole all float on water.
2A10.25watertight sievesM-218A mesh boat floats until a drop of water is placed inside it. Dry cheesecloth holds water in an inverted beaker.
2A10.28waterproof fabric model16-5.6Paraffin coated pegs serve as large model fibers. Pictures.
2A10.30surface tension balancePIRA 1000
2A10.30surface tension balanceAJP 58(8),791An improved method for measuring surface tension by the direct pull method.
2A10.30adhesion balanceM-261A glass plate on one end of a balance beam is in contact with a water surface.
2A10.31surface tension of mercuryM-211Use a Joly balance to measure the force required to pull a razor blade out of mercury.
2A10.32pull on the ringM-210Pull a large ring away from the surface of a liquid with a spring sale.
2A10.33surface tension discPIRA 1000
2A10.33surface tension discDisc 13-19A flat glass disc on a soft spring is lowered onto the surface of distilled water and the extension upon pulling the disc off the water is noted.
2A10.35cohesion platesPIRA 1000
2A10.35cohesion plates2A10.35
2A10.35cohesion platesFi-10Two heavy glass plates stick together when a film of water is between them.
2A10.36cohesion platesM-259There is a difference in cohesion of dry and wet plate glass.
2A10.37cohesion plates fallacyAJP 32(1),61If they demonstrate cohesion, why do they fall apart when placed in a bell jar that is evacuated?
2A10.37adhesion platesDisc 11-13Atmospheric pressure holds two plate glass panes together.
2A10.38cohesion tubeM-260A long (2-4 m) tube full of water and sealed at the top will support the water column against gravity.
2A10.40drop soap on lycopodium powderPIRA 1000
2A10.40surface reactionFi-6Some soap is dropped onto a water surface covered with sawdust.
2A10.40drop soap on lycopodium powderM-222Sprinkle lycopodium powder on the surface of water, then place a drop of liquid soap on the surface.
2A10.45liquid fractureAJP 33(7),vDirections on making a tube filled with Freon 113 which will completely fill the tube on warming and fracture on cooling or when a weak neutron source is brought near after partial cooling.
2A10.50bubbles blowing bubblesPIRA 500
2A10.50bubbles blowing bubbles2A10.50A "T" tube apparatus allows one to blow two soap bubbles of different diameters, then interconnect them.
2A10.50analysis of bubbles blowing bubblesAJP 46(10),978The complete analytical solution to the two bubbles problem.
2A10.50soap bubblesFi-3A smaller bubble blows up a larger one when connected by a tube.
2A10.50bubbles blowing bubblesM-239Blow bubbles of different size on a "T" tube. The smaller one will blow up the larger one.
2A10.50two soap bubblesDisc 13-23The smaller soap film bubble blows up the larger one.
2A10.51rubber balloonsPIRA 1000
2A10.51rubber balloons2A10.51Do the bubbles with large rubber balloons.
2A10.52rubber balloonsAJP 46(10),976The equation relating the internal pressure to the radius is derived and applied to the problem of the two interconnected unequal balloons.
2A10.55pressure in a bubbleM-240Connect a slant water manometer to a tube supporting a bubble. Vary the size of the bubble and note the change of pressure.
2A10.58water balloonM-242Make a large water balloon.
2A10.60surface tension bottlePIRA 500
2A10.60surface tension bottle2A10.60
2A10.65wet mopFi-2Surface tension pulls the strands of a small fluffy mop together when wet.
2A10.68sponge action16-5.3Water picked up by a wet sponge is greater than that picked up by a dry one.
2A10.69surface tension16-5Discussion of eight surface tension demonstrations.
2A10.70water dropletsM-249Small water droplets form on a surface not wet by water, droplets bounce off when sprayed on with an atomizer. Water droplets will roll across the surface of an overfull glass of water when projected out of a pipette at a small angle.
2A10.71rolling dropsM-252A drop of alcohol can roll on the surface of an alcohol dish.
2A10.72tears of wine ???M-250As 50 proof alcohol evaporates in a watch glass, the remaining liquid forms drops that run down the sides.
2A10.73Plateau's spheruleM-256A method of projecting and strobing drops forming down from a vertical orifice.
2A10.74bursting water bubbleM-257A jet of water directed upward against the apex of a cone will cause the water to flow around and form a bubble. A drop of ether will decrease the surface tension and the bubble will collapse.
2A10.75mercury bubblesM-241Air is blown into mercury covered by a dilute solution of ammonium chloride. Mercury bubbles rise to the surface and burst.
2A10.76mercury dropsM-248Spray clear mercury into distilled water - no coalescence. Then add a little acid - coalescence.
2A10.80charge and surface tensionPIRA 1000
2A10.80effect of charge on surface tensionEb-14Dripping rate is much greater from an electrically charged buret.
2A10.81surface tension with electric field16-5.4Droplets from a orifice become a steady stream when connected to a Wimshurst generator.
2A10.83electrostatic breakdown of surface t29-1.16Droplets shoot out of a pond of carbon tetrachloride on a Van de Graaff generator as electrostatic breakdown of surface tension takes place.
2A10.84elecrostatic dispersion of water dro29-1.17Water drops from a pipette at high potential are dispersed into droplets.
2A10.85changing drop sizeM-247As the amount of sodium hydroxide is varied in a dilute solution, the size of drops formed by a olive oil jet changes with the variation of surface tension.
2A10.95temperature effectsM-258Olive oil sprayed on hot water forms droplets but on cold water forms a slick.

ReferenceDescription
M-1Sutton
Ma-1Freier & Anderson
M-1dHilton
8-2.8Meiners
1A12.01University of Minnesota Handbook
AJP 52(1),85American Journal of Physics
TPT 15(5),300The Physics Teacher
Disc 01-01The Video Encyclopedia of Physics Demonstrations

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