THERMODYNAMICS

• 4A THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
• 4C HEAT AND THE FIRST LAW
• 4D CHANGE OF STATE
• 4E KINETIC THEORY
• 4F GAS LAW
• 4G ENTROPY AND THE SECOND LAW

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4A THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER

• 10. Thermometry
• 20. Liquid Expansion
• 30. Solid Expansion
• 40. Properties of Materials at Low Temp
• 50. Liquid Helium

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• 10. Thermometry

• *various thermometers

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• 20. Liquid Expansion

• *Torricelli tube
• maximum density of water

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• 30. Solid Expansion

• *break the bolt
• *ball and ring
• *bimetallic strip
• expansion of quartz and glass
• *sagging wire
• heat rubber bands

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• 40. Properties of Materials at Low Temp
• *lead bell
• solder spring
• *smashing rose, tube, ball

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• 50. Liquid Helium

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4C HEAT AND THE FIRST LAW

• 10. Heat Capacity and Specific Heat
• 15. Ratio of Specific Heats
• 20. Convection
• 30. Conduction
• 40. Radiation
• 50. Heat Transfer Applications
• 60. Mechanical Equivalent of Heat
• 70. Adiabatic Processes

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• 10. Heat Capacity and Specific Heat
• *water and aluminum in hot plate
• specific heat with rods and wax

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• 15. Ratio of Specific Heats
• Clement's and Desormes' exp.
• Ruchardt's method for gamma

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• 20. Convection
• *convection tube
• *convection currents projected
• *convection flasks
• two chimney convection box
• convection chimney with vane
• convection chimney with confetti
• Barnard cell

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• 30. Conduction
• *dropping balls
• *melting paraffin - conduction
• painted rods
• heat pulse in a copper rod
• copper and stainless tubes

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• 40. Radiation
• *heat focusing
• *light the match
• Leslie's cube
• black and white thermometers

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• 50. Heat Transfer Applications
• *four thermos bottles
• *boil water in a paper cup
• Leyden frost effect reverse Leyden frost effect
• finger in hot oil

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• 60. Mechanical Equivalent of Heat
• *dropping lead shot
• *boy scout fire maker
• copper barrel
• mech. eq. app.

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• 70. Adiabatic Processes
• *fire syringe
• *expansion cloud chamber

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4D CHANGE OF STATE

• 10. PVT Surfaces
• 20. Phase Changes: Liquid-Solid
• 30. Phase Changes: Liquid-Gas
• 31. Cooling by Evaporation
• 32. Dew Point and Humidity
• 33. Vapor Pressure
• 40. Sublimation
• 45. Phase Changes: Solid - Solid
• 50. Critical Point

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• 10. PVT Surfaces
• *PVT surfaces

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• 20. Phase Changes: Liquid-Solid
• *ice bomb
• *regelation
• supercooling water
• *liquefying CO2
• *CO2 snow
• *freezing liquid nitrogen

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• 30. Phase Changes: Liquid-Gas
• *boiling by cooling
• boiling at reduced pressure
• geyser

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• 31. Cooling by Evaporation
• *cryophorous
• *drinking bird

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• 32. Dew Point and Humidity
• sling psychrometer

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• 33. Vapor Pressure
• vapor pressure in a barometer
• addition of vapor pressure *pulse glass

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• 40. Sublimation
• *sublimation of carbon dioxide
• blow up balloon with CO2

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• 45. Phase Changes: Solid - Solid
• phase change in iron

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• 50. Critical Point
• *critical point of carbon dioxide
• critical opalescence

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4E KINETIC THEORY

• 10. Brownian Motion
• 20. Mean Free Path
• 30. Kinetic Motion
• 40. Molecular Dimensions
• 50. Diffusion & Osmosis

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• 10. Brownian Motion
• *Brownian motion smoke cell on TV

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• 20. Mean Free Path
• *Crookes' radiometer
• mean free path and pressure
• mean free path pinboard

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• 30. Kinetic Motion
• *Cenco kinetic theory apparatus
• *molecular motion simulator

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• 40. Molecular Dimensions
• steric and oleic acid films

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• 50. Diffusion & Osmosis
• *fragrant vapor- ethyl ketone
• diffusion through porcelain
• diffusion in liquids - CuSO4
• *permeable membrane

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4F GAS LAW

• 10. Constant Pressure
• 20. Constant Temperature
• 30. Constant Volume

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• 10. Constant Pressure
• *hot air (Galileo's) thermometer
• *balloons in liquid nitrogen

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• 20. Constant Temperature
• *Boyle's law apparatus
• *gas law with hypodermic syringe

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• 30. Constant Volume
• *constant volume bulb
• constant volume thermometer

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4G ENTROPY AND THE SECOND LAW

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• 10. Entropy
• *unmixing demonstration
• balls in a pan
• *Hilsch tube
• *dust explosion
• 30. Heat Cycles
• *Stirling engine
• *steam engine
• Nitinol engine
• refrigerator
• rubber band motor

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