WRITING SUMMARIES
& CONCLUSIONS
Strengthen your
argument without repeating it.
If the conclusion provides nothing
new to the argument, only repetition, it will do nothing to further convince
the reader of your point. The argument can be strengthened by tying
the arguments together, emphasizing a particular point, providing a strong
piece of evidence, or putting the argument in perspective.
Don't rewrite
the introduction; revisit it instead.
The conclusion should show how the
argument has progressed within the body of the paper. Revisiting
the introduction is not necessary in every paper; but in a paper which
traces a progression of arguments, it may be a good idea to tie those arguments
together in the conclusion.
Conclude with
a strong example.
End the paper with a final, convincing
example which supports the main argument.
Starting a new idea vs. expanding the old one.
In general, it is a bad idea to
start an entirely new idea in your conclusion. Whereas adding another
example strengthens the main argument, adding another argument complicates
it. Although introducing new ideas may be harmful, discussing your
argument "in terms that widen its significance" can be a very effective
way to conclude a paper (Hefferman).
The conclusion
should grow from the body of the paper.
Some conclusions appear as if they've
been tacked on, as if the natural flow of the writing process was halted
and a separate process took over. Such abruptness should be avoided.
The conclusion is, after all, part of the same paper, and thus it should
grow from the paper.
Sometimes a conclusion
is not necessary.
If you've made all the points you
can imagine making, stop writing. Ending with your last point, if
itís strong enough, can be enough to leave the reader with a clear
idea of your argument.
There really
is no one right way. |